Uitleg over de slavenhandel en haar gevolgen
A2 Dutch luyện nghe · Tiếng Hà Lan · Phù hợp với người mới bắt đầu
How does the Dutch past passive 'werden' work?
The Dutch simple past passive is built with werden (the past plural of worden, to become) plus a ge- past participle. Werd(en) gevangen genomen (were captured), werd(en) verkocht (were sold), werd(en) behandeld (were treated), werd(en) mishandeld (were mistreated). It’s the historian’s tense: history-textbook Dutch is built on it.
This Karrewiet explainer on the trans-Atlantic slave trade runs almost entirely in the past passive: « Miljoenen mensen uit Afrika werden met geweld gevangen genomen [...] werden met boten naar Brazilië en de Caraïben gebracht en daar verkocht als slaven » (millions of Africans were captured by force, transported by ships to Brazil and the Caribbean, and sold as slaves). The construction does the moral lifting: people were acted upon.
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Nguồn: wordfreq 3.1.1 (chung) · SUBTLEX-NL 2014 (khẩu ngữ). Các khoảng chỉ là ước tính, Reelang không lưu thứ hạng chính xác.
- ▸In Dutch and Flemish history textbooks like Memo by Malmberg and Geschiedeniswerkplaats by Noordhoff where the past passive narrates colonization and the wars
- ▸On Dutch public broadcasting in NTR documentaries like De Slavernij and on VRT Canvas when reporters reconstruct historical events
- ▸In Dutch news writing in NRC, Volkskrant, and Trouw where the past passive runs through court rulings, archaeological finds, and government decisions
- ▸In Dutch courtroom transcripts and police reports where the past passive separates the action from the actor (er werd gestolen, de auto werd in brand gestoken)